Generally, a significant Kolmogorov-Smirnov test means one of two things--either the theoretical distribution is not appropriate, or an incorrect parameter was used to generate that distribution. Looking at the previous results, it is hard for the analyst to believe that the Poisson distribution is not the appropriate one to use for modeling automobile accidents. Poisson is often used to model rare events and, fortunately, automobile accidents are relatively rare.

The analyst wonders if gender may be confounding the test. The total sample average assumes that males and females have equal numbers of accidents, but this is probably not true. She will split the sample by gender, using each gender's average as the Poisson parameter in separate tests.